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Norilskiy Nickel full-scale tests Norilskiy Nickel sister ships Modi?cation of drillship Frontier Discoverer Drilling platform Kulluk modi?cation Arctic tanker Vasily Dinkov (3 units) 2005-09Arctic tanker (2 units) 2008Jackup model tests 2008North star arctic island model tests 2007-08 Multipurpose platform service icebreaker for Estonia 2008Arctic anchor handling vessel for Shell 2008-09 Arctic anchor handling vessel for Transatlantic 2006-09Arctic lique?ed natural gas carriers 2006-09Arctic cruise vessel TABLE 2: AARC PROJECTS, 2005-2012 January 2013 www.sname.org/sname/mt testing facility. It was ready for startup in February 2006 and AARC personnel moved in. The new facility was inaugurated on March 6, 2006. As the new facility began operations, the model test market seemed to increase, especially around oil exploration structures and vessels, as well as dierent types of icebreakers, especially in the Russian Arctic. Projects undertaken at AARC from 2005-2012 are listed in Table 2. Increasing need In spite of industry uctuations, the capability and capacity to perform model tests in ice has been preserved and developed in Finland. During the last four to ve years, the need to test ships and structures in ice model testing facilities has increased. One of the drivers has been climate change, as the operation window in the Arctic gets longer, which offers new possibilities for oil and gas exploration and (so far) experimental transit passages along the Russian Northern Sea Route. MTGöran Wilkman is senior adviser at Wilkman Arctic Adviser. He retired from Aker Arctic Technology in Sept ember 2012 with more than 39 years experience on ice breaking ships and ice testing. (mt notes) Ice Model Testing in Finland continued Ice rubble formation for Chukcki Sea Early concepts for Sakhalin platforms Next-generation Baltic icebreaker Fast ferry, Telakka 2000 Azipod in ridges 1993Development of river icebreaker Röthelstein 1994 Icebreaker Healy 1993-1997 60,000 dwt arctic tanker for IHI 1995-2000 Development of double acting tankers 1996 Ooading in the Arctic 1996-1998 Development of oblique icebreaker 1997Development of icebreaking platform supply vessel Arcticaborg 1998-1999 Development of ships for Finnish inland canals 1999-2000Development of barge system for the Caspian Sea 2000Development of Tempera 2001-2003 Tanker parametric development 2002-2003 Harbor icebreaker development 2003-2004 Optical cable project 1998, 2002 Great Lakes icebreaker project 2003, 2005 Development of Norilskiy Nickel 2003-2005 Ice class tankers, multiple projects 2003 Rescue operation from a Sakhalin platform 2003 Development of Fesco Sakhalin TABLE 1: TESTING AND R&D ACTIVITIES AT WARC FACILITY, 1989-2005 The tug Mangystau-5 , owned by Caspian Oshore Construction in Kazakhstan, undergoes ice trials.