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en-USwww.sname.org/sname/mt en-US en-US en-USJuly 2012 Not only are O&S costs typically much larger than procurement costs, but the majority of those costs become locked in during the design phase. In recognition of this, the key decision points of an acqui -sition program (known as milestones) must have a lifecycle cost analysis which includes a program O&S cost estimate, rec -onciled with independent cost estimates. The components of OSCAM Each OSCAM model consists of a system dynamics model controlled by a Windows application, which provides a complete user interface. OSCAM is designed to be used by cost analysts without a background in system dynamics, but makes use of the structural presentation of system dynam -ics with a modular design to describe the business processes represented by the model. e module structure for OSCAM Ship v8 is shown in Figure 1. The program profile represents the dates for introduction of individual ships and their service life, depot maintenance periods, deployed and non-deployed peri -ods, and disposal costs of ships. e activities of the ship are used to drive the cost elements. For example, deployed and non-deployed steaming hours affect fuel costs and organizational and intermedi -ate level maintenance. Depot maintenance incurs depot costs but temporarily takes ships out of service, which aects operational costs, such as fuel.e system dynamics model runs using a one-month time step and outputs results as annual totals in a cost breakdown struc -ture using an expanded version of the Oce of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) structure (going beyond the two-level specication). It also provides non-cost values to give ana -lysts a view of activities and the drivers of costs. Non-cost metrics are useful to the cost analyst to communicate with the technical/ design team of the platform. Information such as maintenance hours per person or total barrels of fuel consumed is valuable FIGURE 1: MODULE STRUCTURE FOR OSCAM SHIP v8 PROGRAM PROFILEOPERATIONS Fuel Ordinance Publications Supplies Purchased services DEPOT MAINTENANCE Scheduled Unscheduled Other Continuous mai ntenance PERSONNEL Crew Other unit level personnel INDIRECT Installation suppor tIndirect personnel OTHER Software mai ntenance ETSTRAININGCrew Other unit level personnel ClassO/I MAINTENANCE OLevel ILevel Aging Lifecycle Disposal Introduction