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modeling, such as appendage and fin motions and the associated gridding for them, easier to implement. e codes also need more robust methods to simulate the inuence of the propeller. More problematic The routine use of the current RANS/CFD capability for seakeeping studies is more problematic due to the large numbers of runs typically performed. Nonetheless, CFD still has much to offer for seakeep -ing by providing insight and modeling for simpler approaches. In fact, such analysis may be the only way to get an under -standing of the complicated physical in teractions between various compo -nents. In addition, CFD can also provide information where simplified potential flow and systems-based models begin to break down. ese same RANS/CFD codes that can be used to predict ship hydrodynamics are also often applicable to many other hydro -dynamic problems such as the ows past submerged vehicles, as seen in the simu -lation of a rescue vehicle in Figure 3, and even the wind ows on a ship, as shown in Figure 4. Evolving computer power has been a catalyst for much of the progress with RANS/CFD codes in ship hydrodynamics. This transformation will continue as supercomputers approach performance rates of 10 18 computations per second within the next decade. For computational modeling and simulation to be revo -lutionary, it needs software that can be run efficiently on this next genera -tion of supercomputers. To address this need, the United States Department of Defense high-performance computing modernization program initiated the com putational research and engineer -ing acquisition tools and environments (CREATE) effort. The CREATE goal is to develop large-scale computational engineering tools. en-US en-US en-USJuly 2012 en-USwww.sname.org/sname/mt (mt notes) Fundamental Shift co ntinued