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April 2011www.sname.org/sname/mt (historical note) rising to president of this group in 1881. In 1882 he was appointed as minister of the Imperial Russian Navy, and in 1888 he was promoted to admiral before his death the same year. The Imperial Russian Navy developed close ties to the United States, wintering parts of their fleets in New York and San Francisco in 1863, which may have deterred Britain and France from entering the Civil War on the side of the confederates. A number of U.S. naval reviews followed the Civil War, with strong competition between British and Russian naval ships for pride of place. As late as 1893, the Imperial Russian Navy proposed basing part of their fleet in New York, and as the worlds third largest navy (behind Great Britain and France) retained strong ties to the United States Navy. MTJay Carson is retired as vice president, engineering from General Dy- namics NASSCO. He is editorial board chairman for (mt) magazine. LEARN MORE | For further information on early foreign military sales, check out the following sources consulted during the research for this article. ( G Z L Q / ' X Q E D X J K D Q G : L O O L D P G X % D U U \ 7 K R P D V William H. Webb: Shipbuilder (Webb Institute, Glen Cove, New York, 1989) Alexey D. Muraviev, The Russian Paci?c Fleet: From the Crimean War to Perestroika,? Papers in Australian Maritime Aairs, No. 20 , (2007, Sea Power Centre-Australia, Canberra, Australia) 7 K H 5 X V V L D Q : D U 9 H V V H O * H Q H U D O $ G P L U D O / H W W H U I U R P 0 U : H E E Her Builder,? The New York Times , January 25, 1863 American and British Neutrality,? The New York Times , August 8, 1863 William W. Wade, The Man Who Stopped the Rams,? American Heritage Magazine , April 1963 Russian Fleet for New York,? The New York Times , July 15, 1893 Webbs Russian Ships continued