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January 2011 www.sname.org/sname/mt (abstracts )From ICETECH 2010, held in Anchorage, Alaska, September 20-23, 2010 Nuclear Energy ? Foundation for the Arctic Icebreakers Fleet BY N. KHLOPKIN, V. KUZNETSOV, AND V. MARKAROV Nuclear icebreakers have worked in the Arctic for more than half a century, ensuring the year-round transportation of goods in the western sector of the Northern Sea Route and enlarging the navigation period in its Eastern sector. e experience gained in the course of the nuclear icebreakersĀ operation demonstrates their advantages in comparison with the ships using organic fuels from the economic as well as ecological point of view. is report contains a short history of the Russian nuclear fleet, and it shows its contemporary condi- tion. ere are arguments supporting the necessity of using nuclear power plants on the arctic icebreakers, especially their signicant autonomy and economic e- ciency. e maneuverability capacities of the nuclear power plants are demonstrated. e issues of provid- ing for the nuclear and radiation safety of the nuclear icebreakers are examined alongside the ecological problems connected with them. Characteristics of a prospective nuclear icebreaker and its reactor plant are presented. Possibilities for using nuclear reactors as power sources for isolated consumers are discussed. Arctic Deepwater Development Drilling System Design Considerations BY T. KOKKINIS, C. BRINKMANN, J. DING, AND D. FENZ To produce hydrocarbons economically from an arctic deepwater discovery, development d rilling operations will need to drill a large number of wells over a relatively short time span, leading to a requirement for year-round operations. Such a development d rilling system would operate in some of the most severe winter ice condi- tions occurring in the arctic seas, combining available technology elements and balancing stationkeeping capability with ice management capability. is paper outlines the core design considerations for arctic deepwater development drilling systems, including fabrication, transportation, installation, stationkeeping, and disconnection issues. It makes a preliminary assessment of the impact of drilling and resupply operations on system design. Key technical challenges and associated research and technology development needs are identied. Modeling of Pressured Ice Interaction with Ships BY I. KUBAT, M. SAYED, AND A. COLLINS is paper describes numerical simulations of ship tran- sit through ice. e simulations employ a model which is based on solving the conservation of mass and linear momentum together with constitutive equations repre- senting plastic yield. e numerical solution approach is based on a Lagrangian-Eulerian hybrid formula- tion. A depth-averaged version of the model is used, whereby the stresses and velocities are averaged over ice thickness. Ice thickness buildup and lead opening are accounted for in the model. e ice cover is driven by prescribed displacements or pressures at the boundar- ies. Wind and water current drag are also included. e geometry of the Canadian Coast Guard vessel, Louis S. St-Laurent , is used in the tests. e predicted forces are compared to reported eld measurements of ice forces on the Louis S. St-Laurent .SNAME Paper Abstracts EditorĀs note: The following abstracts are of papers recently (or soon-to-be) presented at SNAME hosted or co- sponsored events.