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January 2011 www.sname.org/sname/mt carried out, along with tests for breaking out of channel. For the 1.7 m ice sheet, pro- pulsion and resistance tests ahead were carried out. Other tests that were done included ridge penetration test and ice rubble/channel penetration tests. Model tests in open water were carried out as follows: resistance, propeller, thruster, self propulsion, overload propulsion, bollard pull, ow visualization, and wake eld tests. Russian ?ag As the icebreaker had to y the Russian ag, she had to be designed to comply with the Russian Labour Protection Management System rules and Russian sanitary and epi- demiological rules. ese rules are parallel to the more commonly-used SOLAS, IMO, and ILO regulations; however, the Russian rules are more stringent than IMO/ILO rules especially in the areas of noise level, vibration level, head room, ergonomics, electromagnetic radiation level, and ease of maintenance of equipment. Additional special features e icebreaker has additional capabilities in the following areas. r 5 I F J D F C S F B L F S D P N Q M J F T X J U I 3 4 U X P compartment damage stability criteria. r Ô F O B W J H B U J P O C S J E H F M B Z P V U X B T E F T J H O F E with the help of an experienced Finnish icebreaker captain and LUKOILs own master mariners. r 1 P X F S G V M T F B S D I M J H I U T B O E O J H I U W J T J P O equipment are provided. r % F U B J M F E ê O J U F F M F N F O U B O B M Z T J T X B T V T F E with the azimuthing thrusters. In the event of grounding, the stern thrusters are designed to break in such a way that water ingress into the hull will be kept to an absolute minimum. r Ô F T I J Q T T J E F B O E C P U U P N B S F Q B J O U F E X J U I Inerta 160 coating solvent free epoxy, which is specially designed for ice operations. r Ô F T D B W F O H J O H B J S J O M F U C M P X F S T I B W F U I F S -mostat controlled steam heaters. r Ô F C P X U I S V T U F S S P P N W F O U J M B U J P O J O M F U air is arranged with steam heaters and the ventilation starts automatically when the pump is started. r Ô F W F T T F M J T Q S P W J E F E X J U I U X P N B J O T F B water inlets, one of which will be an ice sea chest. An additional sea chest is arranged for fire extinguishing and firefighting pumps. All sea chests are provided with pressure air and steam connections for ice freeing purposes. r 0 O F P G U I F C B M M B T U U B O L T J T B S S B O H F E U P C F used as a machinery cooling water tank. r # F D B V T F P G U I F F Y U S F N F M P X B N C J F O U U F N -perature, the ships ballast, heavy fuel oil, sludge oil, bilge water, lib oil storage, used lube oil storage, and waste water tanks are all arranged with steam heating coils. Challenges In terms of strength, the most challenging issues include r U I F Q S F E P N J O B O U V T F P G I J H I U F O T J M F strength E500 steel in the ships hulls; r U I F I F B W Z T U F N C B S T B O E B [ J N V U I U I S V T U F S rider plates and large-size bulb sections; r U I F T D B S D J U Z P G &